Повърхностен воден отток в смърчови насаждения, подложени на активна стопанска намеса

И. Раев. Повърхностен воден отток в смърчови насаждения, подложени на активна стопанска намеса

I. Raev. Surface flow in spruce forests, influenced by intensive economic activities

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SURFACE FLOW IN SPRUCE FORESTS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

I. Raev

(Summary)

The water balance deformation related to the surface flow, formed as a result of the animal grazing and low density of forest stand canopy, is investigated in spruce stands on the north slopes of Rila mountain. Applying the method of watering in 63 sample plots the author concludes that: the surface flow coefficient (K) depends on the forest stand canopy (S) — formula 1, η≈0.75; the surface flow is minimum when the values of canopy are 0.8—0.9; with the decrease of spruce canapy density the flow intensity is 9—11 times higher and reaches its climax when the forest clear cut takes place; in the most dense forests (S=1.0—0,9) a tendency of worsening the hydrological conditions is marked; grazing makes the flow more intensive in all stages of canopy density decrease (up to 23.5 times — formula 2, r≈0.70).

The changes of hydrophysical parameters such as water-giving ability, non-capillary porosity and especially soil fensity (ρ)—formula 3, η≈0.79 are the main factors for surface flow formation in the spruce stands under investigation.

Keeping the values of forest stand canopy between 0.8 and 0.9 and avoiding the grazing are reliable ways to diminish the surface flow in spruce ecosystems.

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